I recently came across some information that compelled me to do a serious deep dive into the world of synthetic hair. I have been wearing braids and braiding with synthetic hair for over 30 years now, so this information was truly appalling to say the least.
Recent investigations have raised significant concerns about the safety of synthetic braiding hair. Consumer Reports tested ten popular brands, including Sensationnel, Magic Fingers, and Shake-N-Go, and found that all samples contained potentially harmful chemicals that may pose health risks when inhaled, upon skin contact, and when heated or burned during the styling process.
Key Findings:
- Carcinogens Detected: All samples contained substances like benzene and methylene chloride, both linked to cancer.
- Lead Presence: Lead was found in nine out of ten products, which can cause health issues with prolonged exposure.
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Chemicals such as acetone and toluene were present.
Only 10 brands were included in this test, which means there are hundreds of others that have yet to be tested, and probably never will. Nonetheless, these findings highlight the importance of being vigilant about the products we use, especially those in direct contact with our skin and scalp.
The Problem With Synthetic Hair
The synthetic hair industry is not heavily regulated in many countries, which means there are few strict standards or guidelines in place regarding the materials and chemicals used in the production of synthetic hair. While some countries have general regulations for cosmetic products and personal care items (including wigs and hair extensions), the synthetic hair market lacks specific, comprehensive oversight.
Synthetic hair often contains harmful chemicals which pose potential health and environmental risks. Additionally, some synthetic fibers contain lead and other heavy metals, which can accumulate in the body over time. The lack of industry regulation means many products may contain undisclosed toxic substances, making it essential for consumers to research brands and consider non-toxic alternatives to minimize exposure.
While synthetic hair is a popular choice for wigs, braids, and extensions due to its affordability and versatility, it comes with several health and environmental hazards.
Lead
Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can have severe health consequences when it accumulates in the body. Lead may be present in synthetic hair products due to the chemicals used in the manufacturing process, such as coloring agents or plasticizers like phthalates and vinyl chloride. These substances can sometimes contain lead as a contaminant or byproduct.
Studies and consumer reports have found traces of lead and other harmful chemicals in some synthetic hair products, which may pose health risks to users, especially those who wear the hair frequently or for extended periods.
Long-term Exposure to Lead Can Lead to:
- Neurological Damage: Lead is a neurotoxin that can cause memory loss, cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and reduced motor skills. Longterm exposure has been linked to brain damage and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Developmental Issues in Children: Lead exposure in children can result in learning disabilities, lower IQ, behavioral problems, and delayed growth. Even small amounts of lead can permanently affect brain development.
- Kidney Damage: Chronic lead exposure can cause kidney dysfunction, leading to conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and high blood pressure.
- Reproductive Harm: Lead is linked to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and pregnancy complications. In pregnant women, lead exposure can harm the fetus, increasing the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and developmental issues in the baby.
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Lead exposure is linked to increased blood pressure, which raises the risk of heart disease and stroke.
- Heart Disease: Long-term exposure can contribute to arterial damage, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).
- Immune System Suppression: Lead can weaken the immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to infections and chronic illnesses.
- Digestive Issues: Lead poisoning can cause gastrointestinal distress, leading to loss of appetite, nausea, and weight loss.
- Abdominal Pain & Constipation: Chronic lead exposure can result in stomach cramps, constipation, and vomiting.
- Lead Accumulates in Bones: Over time, lead builds up in bones and teeth, replacing essential minerals like calcium.
- Increased Risk of Osteoporosis: Lead exposure may contribute to weaker bones, fractures, and joint pain, especially in older adults.
- Delayed Healing: Lead can slow down the body’s ability to repair bones and tissues.
- Thyroid Dysfunction: Lead can interfere with thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy, and growth.
- Disrupted Calcium Regulation: Since lead competes with calcium in the body, it can affect bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling.
- Increased Risk of Cancer: While not officially classified as a confirmed human carcinogen, studies suggest lead exposure may increase the risk of certain cancers, including lung, kidney, and stomach cancer.
Since lead has no safe exposure level, reducing contact with lead-contaminated products like certain synthetic hair is crucial for long-term health.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a type of plastic widely used in construction, packaging, medical devices, and some synthetic fibers. Some low-quality synthetic hair products are made from PVC fibers, which can release VOCs and other chemicals when heated with styling tools (such as from curling irons, blow dryers and open flames) or burned. While it is durable and versatile, PVC can pose serious health and environmental risks.
PVC itself is not inherently toxic, but its production, use, and disposal can lead to the release of harmful chemicals.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Volatile organic compounds are chemicals that easily become vapors or gases at room temperature. They are found in many household products, industrial materials, and even some synthetic fibers. VOCs can off-gas from PVC, potentially leading to respiratory irritation, headaches, and long-term health risks.
Common Sources of VOCs:
- Plastics and Synthetic Materials – Many plastic-based products, including synthetic hair fibers, vinyl flooring, and foam furniture, release VOCs over time.
- Cleaning Products and Air Fresheners – Household cleaners, disinfectants, and scented sprays often contain formaldehyde, benzene, and other VOCs that can linger in indoor air.
- Paints, Solvents, and Adhesives – Products like wall paint, glues, varnishes, and construction materials release VOCs, especially during application and drying.
- Tobacco Smoke and Vehicle Exhaust – Cigarette smoke and car emissions contain harmful VOCs such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, which contribute to air pollution and health risks.
Recent studies have identified several VOCs present in synthetic hair products, which may pose health risks to users. The health effects of VOCs depend on the type, concentration, and duration of exposure. Short-term exposure to high levels of VOCs can cause: Eye, nose, and throat irritation, respiratory issues, headaches and dizziness.
Long-Term Health Effects of VOCs:
- Chronic Lung Inflammation: Prolonged inhalation of VOCs can irritate the lungs, leading to conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and reduced lung function.
- Increased Sensitivity to Allergens: Can make individuals more prone to airborne allergens and respiratory infections.
- Memory & Cognitive Problems: Long-term exposure has been linked to brain fog, headaches, dizziness, and reduced concentration.
- Sleep Disorders: Some VOCs, like formaldehyde and benzene, can disrupt sleep patterns and cause chronic fatigue.
- Endocrine Disruption: Some VOCs mimic hormones, affecting testosterone, estrogen, and thyroid function.
- Birth Defects & Infertility: Certain VOCs (like phthalates and benzene) have been linked to miscarriages, reduced sperm count, and developmental disorders in children.
- Liver, Kidney & Lung Cancer: Long-term exposure to VOCs like benzene, formaldehyde, and vinyl chloride is strongly linked to cancer.
- Leukemia & Blood Disorders: Benzene, a VOC found in hair dyes, plastics, and cigarette smoke, is a known carcinogen that can cause leukemia.
Dioxins
Dioxins are a group of highly toxic environmental pollutants that belong to a class of chemicals called persistent organic pollutants (POPs). They are released into the air and can settle on soil, water, and food sources, eventually entering the human body through diet and environmental exposure.
Dioxins are not intentionally produced but are unwanted byproducts of:
- Low-quality synthetic hair (especially PVC-based fibers) can release dioxins if burned or exposed to extreme heat. Dioxins are highly toxic even in small amounts. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies dioxins as carcinogenic (cancer-causing) and harmful to multiple body systems.
- Burning plastic waste (especially PVC-based materials)
- Industrial manufacturing (pesticides, herbicides, paper bleaching)
- Vehicle exhaust and fossil fuel combustion
- Cigarette smoke
Long-term Health Effects of Dioxins:
- Cancer: Linked to lung, liver, and breast cancer.
- Hormone Disruption: Mimics or blocks natural hormones, affecting reproduction and development.
- Immune System Suppression: Increases susceptibility to infections and diseases.
- Neurological Damage: Linked to developmental and cognitive issues.
- Birth Defects & Reproductive Issues: Can cause fertility problems, miscarriages, and congenital disabilities.
Phthalates
Phthalates are a group of chemical plasticizers used to make plastics more flexible and durable. Because they don’t bond tightly to materials, they can easily leach out into the environment, leading to human exposure. Phthalates are widely used in everyday products.
Common Sources of Phthalates:
- Plastics (PVC & Vinyl): Used in synthetic hair (especially low-quality wigs), plastic toys, food packaging, and medical tubing.
- Personal Care Products: Found in shampoos, conditioners, hair sprays, perfumes, and lotions to enhance texture and fragrance longevity.
- Household Items: Present in flooring, shower curtains, and furniture made from soft plastic or vinyl.
- Food & Beverage Packaging: Found in plastic containers, food wraps, and fast-food packaging, which can lead to ingestion.
Many commercial hair products and synthetic hair contain phthalates. Phthalates can leach out when synthetic hair is heated or burned, releasing toxic fumes.
Hair Products Containing Phthalates:
- Synthetic hair (wigs & extensions made from PVC fibers): Phthalates are used to soften and make them more flexible.
- Hair sprays & gels: Used to increase flexibility and hold.
- Shampoos & conditioners: Help dissolve fragrances and smooth hair.
- Phthalates are classified as endocrine disruptors, meaning they interfere with hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone.
Long-term Health Effects of Phthalates:
- Hormone Disruption: Linked to reproductive issues, early puberty, and hormonal imbalances.
- Fertility Problems & Birth Defects: Reduced sperm count in men, pregnancy complications, and developmental issues in babies.
- Neurodevelopmental Issues: Associated with ADHD, learning disabilities, and reduced IQ in children.
- Increased Cancer Risk: Some phthalates (like DEHP) have been linked to liver, breast, and testicular cancer.
- Asthma & Allergies: Can trigger respiratory issues, especially in people with sensitivities.
Vinyl Chloride
Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas primarily used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl chloride is not usually present in finished PVC products, but it can be released when PVC is burned, heated, or broken down.
Common Sources of Vinyl Chloride:
- Synthetic Hair (Low-Quality Wigs & Extensions): Especially those made from PVC-based fibers.
- Food Packaging & Containers: Cling wraps and some plastic bottles.
- Plastics & Vinyl Products: Pipes, flooring, shower curtains, and packaging.
- Cigarette Smoke: A known source of vinyl chloride exposure.
- Low-quality synthetic wigs and extensions containing vinyl chloride may release toxic fumes when heated. This includes using flat irons, curling irons, or blow dryers on PVC-based synthetic hair, and burning or melting synthetic wigs. Vinyl chloride is highly toxic and can enter the body through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
Long-term Health Effects of Vinyl Chloride:
- Cancer: Especially liver cancer (angiosarcoma), lung cancer, and brain cancer.
- Liver & Kidney Damage: Leads to serious organ dysfunction over time.
- Respiratory Issues: Can cause lung irritation, coughing, and breathing difficulties.
- Neurological Effects: Dizziness, headaches, memory problems, and nerve damage.
- Reproductive & Developmental Problems: Linked to birth defects and fertility issues.
Safe Alternatives to PVC-Based Synthetic Hair
High-quality synthetic hair, human hair, and plant-based hair are made from safer materials that emit fewer toxins and are generally considered safe for regular use. To avoid exposure to harmful chemicals, do your research, read product labels and choose hair products wisely.
Purchase hair products that are:
- PVC free
- Phthalate-free
- Low-VOC
- Formaldehyde-free
- Heat-resistant
If you’re looking for non-toxic, heat-safe, and environmentally friendly synthetic hair options, here are some alternatives to PVC-based wigs and hair extensions:
Kanekalon Fiber (Best for Braids & Wigs)
Kanekalon is one of the most widely used synthetic hair fibers, known for its lightweight, heat-resistant, and more natural-looking properties compared to PVC-based synthetic hair. While it still contains some plastic-based components, high-quality Kanekalon is safer and less toxic than traditional PVC-based synthetic hair.
Pros:
- Made from modacrylic fibers, which are softer, more natural-looking, and heat-resistant.
- Less toxic than PVC-based synthetic hair.
- Lightweight and more comfortable to wear.
- Can be styled with low heat (around 250°F to 350°F).
Cons:
- Can melt if exposed to high heat above recommended temperatures.
- Some brands may still contain trace amounts of flame retardants, but higher-quality Kanekalon is safer.
Kanekalon Hair Brands:
- X-Pression: Great for braids, twists, and crochet styles.
- Freetress: Popular for wigs and crochet styles.
- Outre: Offers premium Kanekalon wigs and extensions.
Toyokalon Fiber (Best for Curly and Wavy Styles)
Toyokalon is a premium synthetic fiber known for its soft, silky texture and natural movement. It is often compared to Kanekalon, but Toyokalon is even softer, more flexible, and holds curls better. Unlike low-quality PVC-based synthetic hair, Toyokalon is lightweight, tangle-resistant, and more heat-friendly, making it a popular choice for wigs, braids, and weaves.
Pros:
- Softer, silkier, and shinier than Kanekalon.
- More flexible and lightweight, making it ideal for curls and waves.
- Flame-resistant and less prone to tangling than other synthetic fibers.
Cons:
- Slightly more expensive than Kanekalon.
- Not as durable for braiding compared to Kanekalon.
Toyokalon Hair Brands:
- Model Model: Great for soft, wavy wigs.
- Sensationnel Empress: Offers heat-resistant Toyokalon wigs.
Heat-Resistant Synthetic Hair Blends (Best for Heat Styling and Curling)
If you love the versatility of heat styling but want the affordability of synthetic hair, heat-resistant synthetic hair blends are the perfect choice. These fibers combine Kanekalon, Toyokalon, and proprietary heat-resistant synthetic fibers to create wigs, extensions, and braids that can withstand higher temperatures (350°F to 400°F) without melting or releasing toxic fumes.
Pros:
- Made from a mix of synthetic fibers (Kanekalon, Toyokalon, and heat-resistant fibers).
- Can withstand higher heat (350°F to 400°F), making it better for curling and straightening.
- Looks more natural than traditional synthetic hair.
Cons:
- More expensive than basic synthetic wigs.
- May still contain small amounts of plastic-based fibers.
Heat-Resistant Synthetic Hair Brands:
- Outre Perfect Hairline: High-quality lace front wigs with heat-resistant fibers.
- Bobbi Boss: Offers heat-safe synthetic blends for wigs and extensions.
- Freetress Equal: Great for heat-friendly synthetic wigs.
Human Hair Blends (Best for a Natural Look & Versatility)
Human hair blends combine real human hair with high-quality synthetic fibers, offering the natural look of human hair with the affordability and durability of synthetic hair. These blends are popular for wigs, weaves, and extensions, providing a balance between style flexibility, heat resistance, and low maintenance.
Pros:
- A mix of real human hair + high-quality synthetic fibers.
- Looks more natural and lasts longer than pure synthetic wigs.
- Can be dyed, heat-styled, and washed like real hair.
Cons:
- More expensive than pure synthetic options.
- Some blends still contain synthetic components, so check for PVC-free labeling.
Human Hair Brands:
- Sensual Vella Vella Human Hair Blend
- Janet Collection Human Hair Blend
- Outre MyTresses Gold Label
Plant-based Hair Alternatives
As awareness grows about the environmental and health risks associated with synthetic hair, many consumers are seeking natural, biodegradable alternatives. Plant-based hair is emerging as a game-changer in the beauty industry. Made from renewable, biodegradable materials like banana fibers, hemp, and bamboo, these innovative options provide a safer, more sustainable choice for wigs, extensions, and braiding hair.
Benefits of Plant-Based Hair:
- Non-Toxic & Chemical-Free – Many synthetic hair fibers contain PVC, phthalates, and lead, which can cause scalp irritation and long-term health risks. Plant-based hair is made from natural fibers, eliminating exposure to harmful chemicals.
- Heat-Safe Without Releasing Fumes – When exposed to heat, synthetic hair can release toxic fumes like VOCs and dioxins. Plant-based hair can be styled safely without emitting hazardous substances
- 100% Biodegradable – Unlike plastic-based synthetic hair, which takes centuries to decompose, plant-derived fibers break down naturally, reducing landfill waste and pollution.
- Eco-Friendly & Sustainable – Materials like bamboo, hemp, and banana fibers are renewable resources that require less water, fewer pesticides, and minimal processing, making them a greener choice for hair products.
- Lightweight & Breathable – Plant-based fibers like bamboo and hemp are naturally lightweight, making them more comfortable to wear. These materials also allow for better airflow, reducing heat buildup and scalp irritation, especially in hot climates.
- Hypoallergenic & Gentle on the Scalp – Plant-based hair is hypoallergenic, making it ideal for those with sensitive skin or scalp conditions.
- Natural Look & Feel – Unlike synthetic hair, which can appear overly shiny or stiff, plant-based hair has a more natural texture and movement, closely resembling human hair. It blends seamlessly with natural hair, creating a realistic and aesthetically pleasing appearance.
- Strong & Durable – Fibers like hemp and banana fiber are naturally strong and resistant to breakage, ensuring longer-lasting hairstyles. Unlike synthetic hair, which can become frizzy and tangled over time, plant-based hair maintains its structure and smoothness for longer.
- Sustainable Sourcing & Ethical Production – Plant-based hair is often sourced from renewable materials that require fewer resources to produce, supporting fair trade and sustainable farming communities.
If you’re looking for, non-toxic alternatives to synthetic hair, these plant-based options may be a better choice:
Banana Fiber Hair (Best for Braiding & Twists)
Made from the fibers of banana plant stalks, hair made from banana fibers offers a safer and more sustainable choice for braids, extensions, and wigs. With brands beginning to embrace plant-based solutions, banana fiber hair is paving the way for a healthier, greener future in hairstyling.
Benefits of Banana Fiber Hair:
- Made from banana plant fibers, 100% biodegradable.
- Lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly.
- Non-toxic, plastic-free, and hypoallergenic.
- Not widely available yet.
Banana Fiber Hair Brands:
- Rebundle: The first company to make banana fiber-based braiding hair.
Hemp Fiber Hair (Best for Strength & Durability)
Made from the fibers of the hemp plant, this eco-friendly option is plastic-free, breathable, and scalp-friendly alternative. With its natural strength and versatility, hemp is quickly becoming a leading choice for those looking to embrace sustainable and toxin-free hairstyling.
Benefits of Hemp Fiber Hair:
- Stronger than plastic-based fibers, lasts longer.
- Naturally flame-resistant (no toxic flame retardants needed).
- Non-toxic and biodegradable.
- Currently in early-stage development, not mass-produced yet.
Hemp Fiber Hair Brands:
- Some independent wig makers are experimenting with hemp-based fibers.
Bamboo Fiber Hair (Best for Softness & Flexibility)
Made from the soft, durable fibers of the bamboo plant, this eco-friendly option is naturally breathable, hypoallergenic, and gentle on the scalp. Its silky texture, durability, and moisture-wicking properties make it a promising choice for those seeking a safer and more sustainable hairstyling option.
Benefits of Bamboo Fiber Hair:
- Silky-soft texture, making it ideal for wigs.
- Lightweight, breathable, and biodegradable.
- Naturally antibacterial & hypoallergenic.
- Limited availability, mostly used in blended fibers.
Bamboo Fiber Hair Brands:
- EcoWigs: Working on bamboo-based wig fibers.
- Nourie Hair: offers clean braiding hair made from plant-based materials, designed to nourish the hair and scalp without harsh chemicals.
Understanding the materials used to produce synthetic hair is crucial for choosing the right product for your needs and health. It is important to research products, brands, and materials carefully to ensure you are making the best choice for your health and the environment.
For those looking to move towards a more eco-conscious and health-friendly choice, alternatives like banana fiber, hemp, and bamboo fiber hair are emerging as sustainable options. These natural fibers not only offer a safer, toxin-free experience but also contribute to a more environmentally friendly beauty industry.
Read the article published on Consumer Reports website:
Dangerous Chemicals Were Detected in 100% of the Braiding Hair We Tested
Download the PDF with Consumer Reports test results:
Synthetic Braiding Hair Chemical Results